俞樾《諸子平議•賈子》評析

A Study of the “Jiazi” Chapter of Yu Yue’s Commentaries on Writings by Various Philosophers

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

德清俞樾（1821—1907），字蔭甫，號曲園，晚清樸學大家，徐世昌（1855—1939）《清儒學案·曲園學案》曰：“曲園之學，以高郵王氏爲宗。發明故訓，是正文字而務爲廣博，旁及百家，著述閎富，同、光之間，蔚然爲東南大師。”《諸子平議》一書，是俞樾的代表作，可説是子學訓釋的巨著。此書仿效王念孫（1744—1832）《讀書雜志》而補其未及，識力之精，涉獵之廣，爲《雜志》之後，從事子學者不可或缺的典籍。賈誼《新書》，亦稱《賈子》，漢初名著，極具歷史及思想價值。惜久乏關注，是書文字缺漏頗多，難以卒讀。至俞樾爲之董理，《新書》面貌始見清晰，俞氏實爲《賈子》功臣。然而，智者千慮，容或有失，今就俞氏《諸子平議·賈子》部份，舉其精到見解，檢其可議之處，詳加討論，以見俞書得失。

Yu Yue (1821-1907) was a distinguished scholar of the Qing dynasty (1644-1912), whose tremendous achievements in the study of the Chinese classics and philology have been greatly respected to this day. His Zhuzi Pingyi (Commentaries on Writings by Various Philosophers) continues to be an essential reference for Chinese philologists. However, the authors of this paper argue that his commentaries on the Jiazi, more commonly known as Xinshu (traditionally attributed to Jia Yi [200-169 BC]), would have been more convincing had further investigation and refinements been done. The present study is an attempt to conduct a penetrating study of the successes and failures of Yu’s work. Fourteen examples from the Jiazi will be discussed in detail and it is hoped that the questions raised in this essay will form the basis for further research.