自我呈現與他人形塑———湯貽汾《吟釵圖》詩卷題詠析論

Self-presentation and Shaping of Others: An Analysis of Poetry Inscription for Tang Yifen’s Painting “Eulogy on a Hairpin”

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

清代詩畫家湯貽汾（1778—1853）爲記憶親情、感念母德，繪製《吟釵圖》，録母親楊氏（1752—1812）《斷釵吟》七絕二首於其上，遍徵題詠。是時和詩與題畫者甚衆，爲道光、咸豐之間的一大盛事，後輯成《斷釵吟》四卷出版。

本文從楊氏《斷釵吟》口占二首與湯貽汾之和詩談起，説明《斷釵吟》徵詩活動與《吟釵圖》的産生，並整理《斷釵吟》的題詠社群。題詠者多從湯貽汾的人際關係延伸而來，而閨秀的家族題詠亦爲一大特色。從楊氏《斷釵吟》的自述，可以了解清代女性的自我觀看和自我呈現的側重點，另由他人題詠作品的切入角度，可以觀察題詠者對《吟釵圖》的觀看視角和性别形塑。

《吟釵圖》的詩卷題詠，不僅肯定了女性“才”、“德”並立的典範意義，也彰顯了忠義節孝的價值觀，在當時具有一定的影響力。

The poet and painter of the Qing Dynasty, Tang Yifen (1778-1853), created a painting entitled “Eulogy on a Hairpin” as commemoration and gratitude for his mother. He inscribed two hepta-syllabic quatrains, “Eulogies on a Broken Hairpin,” created by his mother, Nee Yang (1752-1812), on the painting, and called for poetry inscriptions. During the reigns of Emperors Daoguang and Xianfeng, it was popular to write accompanying poetry and inscribe poems on a painting. Afterwards, his works were collected in four fascicles under the title “Eulogies on a Broken Hairpin” for publication.

The present study focuses on two improvised “Eulogies on a Broken Hairpin” by Nee Yang and their accompanying poems by Tang Yifen as a point of departure for the discussion of the backgrounds of the call for poetry contributions to “Eulogies on a Broken Hairpin” and the birth of the painting “Eulogy on a Hairpin.” It also summarizes the communities for inscribing poems on “Eulogies on a Broken Hairpin.” The poets inscribing poems on “Eulogies on a Broken Hairpin” were mainly friends and associates of Tang Yifen. These poems feature a style of clan eulogies created by talented women from eminent families. The self-descriptions of Nee Yang in her “Eulogies on a Broken Hairpin” reveal the focuses of self-perspective and self-presentation of women in the Qing Dynasty. Moreover, from a different perspective one may observe the viewing angle and gender shaping by other poets inscribing poems on the painting “Eulogy on a Hairpin.”

The poetry inscriptions on the painting “Eulogy on a Hairpin” not only affirmed women’s “talent” and “virtue,” but also accentuated the values of loyalty and filial piety, which made a certain impact at the time.