亂世哀音———程兆熊及其《春秋講義》

A Wailful Sound in Troubled Times: Cheng Zhaoxiong and His Book Chun Qiu Jiang Yi

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文略述程兆熊其人其學，及其《春秋講義》之主旨。以爲程氏深悉中國歷代土地政策對型塑中國文化具關鍵影響力，故其討論中國文化，頗能從土地開發與心靈開發相對應的關係上進行論述，以爲歷代農政之實施，同時包含了王道教化之精神在内。而此一王道教化之精神，即是儒家的性情之教。程先生《春秋講義》講述的内容，亦不外是對此儒家性情之教的贊揚與維護。是書所揭護持人道大防、讚揚禮義之行、堅守民族（文化）大義諸論，振聾發聵，令人耳目一新。而後知不論就學術史的角度，或者就當代新儒家的研究視野而言，程兆熊都不應該是被忽視埋没的學者。尤其當風雨飄零之際，若研究傳統學問之人，其視野仍僅在考訂字句之是非、版本之訛錯，而無視於天下家國之危，則經學之運晦而難明，亦自身之失誤有以招之。觀20世紀下葉，新儒家於海外之聲勢，對照經學傳統之落寞，得無慨乎！

This paper outlines the life of Cheng Zhaoxiong, his studies and the main idea of his work Chun Qiu Jiang Yi. It argues that under the awareness of the key influences of land policies to shaping Chinese ancient culture, Cheng’s discussion of Chinese culture noticed the corresponding relations between land developments and mind developments, thus, he hold that the implementation of agricultural policies contains a kind of kingcraft spirit for enlightening the public. This spirit was the so-called temperament educating of Confucianism, which was also the main content and fully praised in his book of Chun Qiu Jiang Yi. In this book, Cheng showed his proposition of supporting humanistic principles, praising proper and justice behaviors and adhering to national (cultural)spirits. So, whether from the angle of academic history or the Neo-Confucianism research, Cheng Zhaoxiong should not be overlooked. In troubled times, if scholars’ researches still focused on textual researches such as correcting wrong words and editions, instead of concerning the crisis of his own country, the decline of Confucian classics studies can only put its blame to the scholars themselves. Compared with the influential development of the Neo-Confucianism in the twentieth century overseas, the loneliness of traditional Confucianism really makes people sign with emotion.