倫理叙事學的方法論思考———以劉恒《連環套》爲例

On the Methodology of Ethical Narratology: Liu Heng’s Swindles of the Coal Mine as an Example

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

文藝作品只要關涉人的生存，就必然會或隱或顯地呈現某種倫理秩序，哪怕是刻意追求“零度叙事”的小説也難以逃脱這一宿命。而由倫理秩序所賦予每一個叙事者的倫理意識也會或隱或顯地影響著他的叙事。倫理秩序、倫理意識和文學叙事的這種内在聯繫無疑爲文藝倫理研究的“合法性”提供了切實依據，並提示著文藝倫理研究的新路徑，也即“倫理—叙事研究”，或稱“倫理叙事學”。“倫理叙事學”不同於西方倫理學領域的“叙事倫理學”，其研究重心在叙事學而不是倫理學，它也不是倫理之維和叙事之維的簡單叠加，而是聚焦於倫理與叙事的互動關係。本文在綱要性地探討倫理—叙事研究框架的前提下，有意選擇以“零度叙事”爲特徵的“新寫實”小説《連環套》（劉恒）爲分析對象，藉以驗證倫理—叙事研究模式的有效性。

Any literary work about human life would inevitably outline certain ethical principles in an explicit or implicit manner, and even a novel pursuing “zero-narration” is no exception. Likewise, any narrator with ethical consciousness imparted by these ethical principles would evince explicit or implicit influence in his/her narrative. The intrinsic relationship between ethical principles, ethical awareness, and literary narrative make a practical “legitimate” framework and basis for the study of literary theory, which thereby hints to a new path of scholarship called “ethical-narrative study” or “ethical narratology.” The main difference between “ethical narratology” and “narrative ethics” (a subject in Western scholarship on ethics) is that the former focuses on narratology rather than ethics. In addition, it is not a simple superposition of ethics and narratology, but focuses on the interaction between ethics and narrative. The present essay gives a general introduction to “ethical-narrative study” and takes Liu Heng’s Swindles of the Coal Mine, a new-realistic novel, as an example of an effective application of this theory.