由楚簡《鮑叔牙與隰朋之諫》看《尚書•高宗肜日》

Reading “Gaozong’s Worship of the Sun” in Light of the Chu Bamboo Text “The Admonition from Bao Shuya and Xi Peng”

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文討論《尚書•高宗肜日》篇中的一些問題，指出王國維根據甲骨卜辭辭例，反對此篇爲武丁祭商湯的舊説，而肯定金履祥等以此篇爲祖庚祭武丁之説，有一些可疑之處，還有待檢驗。根據上博簡《鮑叔牙與隰朋之諫》篇中的有關内容，以及周代金文，可以看出傳統的説法也有一定的道理。《高宗肜日》的本義到底如何，恐還有待更多材料的發現。不過竹簡材料有助於我們釋讀《高宗肜日》的一些疑難字句。

This essay discusses the chapter “Gaozong’s Worship of the Sun” in the Book of Documents. It casts doubt on the findings of Wang Guowei, which were based on his analysis of oracle bones. Wang opposed the traditional theory that the piece was about Wu Ding’s sacrificial ceremony for King Tang of the Shang dynasty, and asserted the views of Jin Lvxiang and others that the piece concerned Zu Geng’s sacrificial ceremony offered to Wu Ding. However, the traditional theory holds true and is supported by the texts of bamboo slips “The Admonition from Bao Shuya and Xi Peng” preserved in the Shanghai Museum, as well as other bronze inscriptions of the Zhou dynasty. Even so, the original meaning of “Gaozong’s Worship of the Sun” may not be known for certain until there are more materials and discussion. In any case, these bamboo slips help us understand some difficult lines in “Gaozong’s Worship of the Sun”.