《詩》《書》古義與金文新證二則

Notes on Ancient Meanings of Two Phrases in Shijing and Shangshu and their New Evidences from Bronze Inscriptions

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

《詩》、《書》成書甚早，其文辭古雅，歷代學者多有《詩》、《書》難明之嘆。比年以來，考古學發展迅速，出土文獻材料與曰俱增，且多爲先賢所未曾獲睹。二十世紀初，王靜安先生嘗提出著名之“二重證據法”，謂以今日之新發現、新材料、新學問補足、印證，乃至修訂傳世文獻、古籍之記述。從今日新見之青銅器銘文可知，金文用語形式更靈活多變，不拘一格，細審其用詞、用語，實有不少能與《詩》、《書》等先秦古籍參照比觀者，吾人固可藉此契機，將兩者作比觀發明，互補有無。因此，本文以新見金文材料與傳世文獻作相互印證，從而對《詩》“假以溢我”及《書》“乃命寧予以秬鬯二卣”二語之語義內涵作重新探討。

The books Shijing and Shangshu have an early history of formation, and due to its usage of antique wordings and sentence structure, various scholars had expressed great regrets at their difficulties in understanding. In recent years, since the prosperous development in archeology, a huge amount of long-lost documents have been discovered and excavated. In the early 20th century, the reputed scholar Wang Kuo-wei had proposed his famous theory of “dual attestation”, advocating the application of new findings, new materials and new knowledge to supplement, verify or even revise the received documents. As shown by the bronze inscriptions newly found, though their language structures are diverse and unstable, a number of which could also be recognized coherent and consistent with those found in received texts such as Shijing and Shangshu. Taking such critical opportunity, we could surly compare the two for the sake of acquiring a better understanding on their language. Therefore, this paper aims at re-examining the meaning of the phrases "jia yi yi wo" in Shijing and “nai ming ning yu yi ju chang er you” in Shangshu by undertaking a mutual verification between the excavated and the received documents.