踵金宋餘習：蘇天爵《元文類》中的詩歌史開端探論

Adopting the Old Practice of the Jin and Song: The Starting Point of Poetic History in Su Tianjue’s Yuan wen lei

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

蘇天爵（1294—1352），字伯修，爲元代中葉館閣文臣的代表人物。其精通史學之餘，亦善於詩文，有總集《元文類》七十卷傳世。《元文類》具備豐富的材料與龐大的規模，以賦體爲始，傳體爲迄，合計收録34類文體，文學史價值不可忽視。本文擬聚焦於《元文類》的詩歌部分，特别是各個類别的開端部分。蘇天爵固然希望建立元詩的主體性，卻必須處理元詩成形以前，與金、宋兩代詩學交雜的時期。這涉及元代對前朝詩歌與文化的認可與接受。是以本文希望從總集的編選手法入手，探討《元文類》對這問題的態度，以及處理手法。本文將分成三部分。首先是整理有關元詩開端之議題的理路，以及其與《元文類》之性質的關係；其次，本文會由元好問於總集中的位置入手，分析金人詩歌進入《元文類》的情況與意義；最後，本文會關注其他金、宋遺民，嘗試梳理隱於總集中的前朝記憶與遺民情感，並考察蘇天爵如何接受它們。

Su Tianjue (1294-1352) was a famous leader of the central government literati in the middle era of Mongol Yuan. Besides his proficiency in historiography, he also compiled a literary anthology titled Yuan wen lei (Yuan Literature Arranged by Genre), which has been an important source for the study of Yuan literature. This paper focuses on the poetic history shown in this book, especially the early part. Obviously, Su aimed to make Yuan poetry the main component of this poetic history, but it would be unrealistic to deny the continuous cultural influence of the Jin and Song dynasties, which were both conquered by the Mongolians. This contradiction is highly related to how Yuan adopted the previous culture. This paper contains three parts. First, it introduces existing scholarship concerning the starting point of the Yuan and thereby studies its relationship with the Yuan wen lei. Secondly, it explores the position of Yuan Haowen (1190-1257) in the anthology and how Su selected the Jin poetry and included it in his anthology. Finally, it examines the poetry written by the loyalists of Jin and Yuan as a means to explore Su’s attitudes towards these works.