《詩經·召南·草蟲》釋義
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24112/sinohumanitas.12282Abstract
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
喓喓草蟲,趨趯阜螽。未見君子,憂心忡忡。亦既見 止,亦既覯止,我心則降。
陟彼南山,言采其厥。未見君子,憂心惙惙。亦既見 止,亦既覯止,我心則説。
陟彼南山,言采其薇。未見君子,我心傷悲。亦既見 止,亦既覯止,我心則夷。
這一篇詩的解釋,異説極多。首先是《毛序》、《傳》、《箋》一系列的解釋,《毛序》説是“大夫妻能以禮自防也”,《箋》、 《正義》皆無異義,並且在這一基礎上對“未見君子”、“既見君子”加以進一步的闡釋。《箋》釋“亦既見之,亦既覯之”兩句曰:“既見謂已同牢而食也,既覯謂謂已昏也。始者憂於不當,今君子待己以禮,庶自此可以寧父母,故心下也。《易》曰:‘男女覯精,萬物化生。’”清陳啟源則指出後儒對於鄭 《箋》“多笑其鑿”,但“鄭分為兩義,亦非無見”。歐陽修 (1007-1072)對於這首詩基本上維持了《序》説,但是不滿意毛、 鄭説是“在塗之女”云云,而解釋為“召南之大夫出而行役,妻留在家”,姚際恒(1647-1715?)謂其説“庶幾近之”;但是歐陽修接著所説的“當紂之末世,淫風大行,強暴之男侵陵貞女,淫泆之女犯禮求男,此大夫之妻能以禮義自防,不為淫風所化,。。。。。。而守禮以待君子之歸”的一番議論,就和他批評毛、鄭一樣:“皆詩文所無,非其本義”。其次是朱熹(1130-1200),他認為是“南國被文王之化,諸侯大夫行役在外,其妻獨居,感時物之變,而思其君子如此”。朱熹是採用歐陽修之説,而擺脱了歐陽修尚不敢丢掉的“以禮自防”舊説的束縛,可惜的是仍然戴了頂“文王之化”的帽子。今人高亨(1900-1986)、陳子展(1898-1990)、程俊英、屈萬里(1906-1979)、王靜芝、朱守亮等皆逕以為是思婦之詩,則較朱熹舊説為通達了。崔述(1740-1816)ー方面認為《朱傳》“説為近是”,但另外一方面卻指出“玩其詞意,未見其當為大夫之妻,亦未見其必為妻之思夫也”,這可見出崔述作為一個考據學家實事求是的謹嚴態度。第三,方玉潤(1811-1883)以為是詩人 託男女之情以寫臣之思君,而莊有可則認為是“南國喜見周文王”,翟相君又以為可能是周平王,都未免太鑿實。第四,王先謙(1842-1917)據《説苑•君道》第五章引此詩,認為“是詩為好善作”。(撮要取自內文首段)
The theme of the Poem《草蟲》in the Book of Odes, according to earliest interpretation, is on proper relationship between husband and wife. However since the Song Dynasty, this interpretation was largely discredited and many other interpretations were suggested. The author of this paper, based on《Tso Chuan》,《Shuo Yuan》and other source materials, suggests that it is about the happiness of a king obtaining the help of a good and capable person. (Abstract taken from first paragraph of document.)
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