商代的秋冬祀典

Autumn and winter sacrifices in the Shang Dynasty

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

根據殷墟出土的甲骨刻辭的記戴，商代已經有了祈請農業豐收的祀典，稱為“帝秋”、“告秋”、“告秋稱”等等。秋季農作物收穫之後，有“登黍”、“登米”、“登新鬯”的儀式。向袓先貢獻新收穫的穀物和新釀制的香酒。一年中最隆重的祭祀在冬季，全體宗族成員、親戚故舊齊集於宗廟之中，共祭祖先，然後舉行盛大的宴會，就是文獻中所説的“鄉飲酒禮”。

According to the Oracle bones inscriptions unearthed from Yin Xu, there was, in the Shang Dynasty, the ceremonies, asking Heaven for good harvests. This type of ceremony was called Di Qiu 帝秋,Gao Qiu 吿秋, and Gao Qiu Cheng 吿秋稱.After the harvest in autumn, there would be ceremonies called Deng Shu 登黍, Deng Mi 登米, and Deng Xin Chang 登新鬯.These was to contribute to the ancestors the new grains and new wine. The most elaborate ceremony was in winter, when all members of the tribe and their relatives would get together in their family; temple. They would worship their ancestors and would hold a very big banquet. This banquet is the so called Xiang Yijiu Li 鄉飲酒禮 in ancient documents.