出土《文子》新證

A Study of the Wenzi excavated in Ding County in 1973

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

1973年河北省定縣八角廊四十號漢墓出土大批竹簡，其中包括《文子》。1995年，河北省文物研究所定州漢簡整理小組發表有關竹簡《文子》之資料，初步考定屬《文子》者計277枚，合共2790字，並發表〈定州西漢中山懷王墓竹簡《文子》釋文〉，及〈定州西漢中山懷王墓竹簡《文子》校勘記〉。李學勤敎授依據上述兩文內容，發表〈試論八角廊簡《文子》〉；其後，在臺灣舉辦之「《文子》與道家思想發展兩岸學術研討會」，臺灣師範大學陳麗桂敎授於會上發表〈從出土竹簡《文子》看古、今本《文子》與《淮南子》之間的先後關係及幾個思想論題〉，進一步推論竹簡《文子》、今本《文子》與 《淮南子》之因襲關係。

本文嘗試重新比勘出土本及傳世本《文子》，就整理小組所發表之〈釋文〉及〈校勘記〉，及李學勤敎授與陳麗桂敎授所發表之兩篇論文，提出新證。

A substantial quantity of bamboo manuscripts was excavated in Han tomb No.40 at Ding county 定縣 in Hebei 河北 in 1973. Amongst these is a copy of the Wenzi 文子 dating from 56 B.C. Archaeological reports on the finds, together with a transcription of the Wenzi text, have at last been published after almost two decades. Professor Li Xueqin 李學勤, Director of the Institute of Historical Researches of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, on the basis of these reports, concluded that all passages which begin with “Laozi said” 老子曰 in the Taode 道德 chapter of the extant version of Wenzi, were not in the excavated version. Professor Li, therefore put forth the view that these passages were not originally in the Wenzi and were added later on. Professor Chen Li-gui 陳麗佳 of the Chinese Department of the National Taiwan Normal University, on the basis of Professor Li’s theory, suggested that these passages were taken from the Huainanzi 淮南子, were added onto the Wenzi text. This is the reason, according to Professor Chen, why these passages were not to be found in the excavated version of the Wenzi.

This hypothesis suggested by Professor Li and taken further by Professor Chen is questionable as the evidence provided by Professor Li and Professor Chen are not sufficiently firm. This article attempts to provide some new grounds for thinking that some of these passages are, actually found in the excavated version, and attempts further to compare the excavated version of the Wenzi with the extant version and offers an explanation for the discrepancies between the two versions.