尋常詩家難相例——宗法杜韓的近代詩學意義

Ordinary Poets Are Too Inferior to Bear Comparison to -The Meaning of Respecting and Modeling DU Fu and HAN Yu as the Outstanding Figures by the Learning of Poetry in Modern Times

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

自宋代以來，杜韓常被同時標舉為詩學的典範，這除了意味他們有相同的藝術風格外，也反映了一個時代的詩學趣味。考察近代詩壇，杜韓更是廣大詩家學習的對象，儼然成為中國古典詩壇最後的一個大典型。本文擬從三方面探討近代詩學宗法杜韓的意義。首先是從近代宋詩派的詩觀出發，指出宗法杜韓是學人詩與詩人詩合的理念具現，也是近代以學問性情為詩的詩論精神的總體呈現。其次是近代詩學既重視創作主體的道德修養，反映在學古的對象上，杜韓符合詩與人合一的主導精神。最後是從藝術特質及詩史地位著眼討論杜韓詩並稱的意義。通過三方面的論述，期能找出近代詩學上杜韓被認取作為學習典範的本質，及在道咸以後的學宋潮流中，杜韓以唐人仍被標為大家的價值意義。

DU Fu and HAN Yu were respected as the canonical in the learning of poetry since SUNG Dynasty. This does not only imply that they have the same artistic styles but also reflects that they contain the poetic taste of the same era. When studying the poetic circles of the modem times, DU Fu and HAN Yu were also the models of learning of numerous poets. They were just like the last great prototype of the ancient Chinese poetry circles. This article intends to explore the meaning of respecing and modeling DU Fu and HAN Yu as the outstanding figures by the learning of poetry of modern times from three arenas. Firstly, the article will commence from the poetic point of view of the poetic schools of SUNG Dynasty of modem times, point out that respecting and modeling DU Fu and HAN Yu as the outstanding figures on the learning of poetry is the concrete revelation of the concept of the learning poetry from person and the integration of poet and poems, and is also the overall revelation of essence of the study of poems in which the learning and character were appraised as their value of their poems in modern times. Secondly, the poetry learning in modem times on the one hand attaches great importance to the moral accomplishment of the author and reflects in the ancient person targeted to be exemplified. DU Fu and HAN Yu conform to the main trend of integration of poems and poets. The last aspect is to discuss mainly on the equal important status of poems of DU Fu and HAN Yu from the artistic features and their status in the history of poems, It is expected to identify the original nature of DU Fu and HAN Yu being recognized as the learning models in the learning of poems in modern times, and the reason why DU Fu and HAN Yu as people in TANG Dynasty are still respected as the great master after the trend of modeling SUNG poets after the Dao Guang and Xian Feng eras.