《離騷》、《九歌》貌詞研究

An Investigation of the mao-ci （貌詞） in Li-sao （離騷）and Jiu-ge （九歌）

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

《離騷》、《九歌》運用大量描繪性的詞語來狀物寫情，王逸注《楚辭》，每以「XX貌」來解釋這類詞。 近人將這類詞劃入形容詞或副詞，然而，從《離騷》、《九歌》文例觀之，這類詞既不是形容詞，也不是副詞，它們是自成一類的，本文稱之為「貌詞」。

從語音形式來看，《離騷》、《九歌》貌詞有以下特色：（1）重言；（2）雙聲叠韻；（3）非雙聲叠 韻；（4）單音詞；（5）「單言+重言」；（6）「單言+雙聲疊韻」。就語法功能而言，貌詞的基本功能是作狀語，也有作定語、謂語和補語。

由於貌詞的含義有時難以確指，故同一貌詞，説者每異。認識貌詞的語音形式及語法功能，有助於理解《離騷》及《九歌》的文義。本文旨在分析貌詞的語言結構特徵，及其在句中的功能，並就個別説解不一的貌詞，重新探討其詞義。

Descriptive phrases are widely used in Li-sao and Jiu-ge for object description and feelings expression. Wang Yi （王逸）'s annotation of Chu-ci （楚辭）always explains these phrases with "appearing xx" （XX貌）. Recently, scholars take these phrases as adjectives or adverbs. However, viewing from the style of Li-sao and Jiu-ge, these phrases belong to a category other than both adjective and adverb, this paper terms them as mao-ci （貌詞）.

Viewing from their phonetic form, there are several characteristics in the mao-ci of Li-sao and Jiu-ge: （1）reduplicated form（重言）,（2）shuang-sheng （雙聲）and die-yun （疊韻）,（3）non shuang-sheng and die-yun （非雙聲疊韻）,（4） monosyllable （單音詞）,（5）single and reduplicated form （單言+重言）,（6）single form+ shuang-sheng and die-yun （單言 + 雙聲疊韻）. Viewing from their grammatical function, mao-ci basically function as adverbial, adjective, predicate and compliment.

It is often difficult to clearly define the original meaning of a specific mao-ci in Li-sao and Jiu-ge, but understanding their phonetic form and grammatical function surely helps. This paper aims to analyze the linguistic and structural characteristics of mao-ci, and investigate their function in the sentences in which they come from. Particular mao-ci that entice different interpretations will be re-examined.