賈誼説《詩》考

A study of the citation of Odes found in Jia Yi's Xin Shu

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

陳喬樅、王先謙等以為賈誼生於西漢初年，其時惟有《魯詩》，是以賈生所引《詩》，必屬魯説。然而本文透過比勘賈誼《新書》與先秦兩漢典籍，發現賈生往往依據先秦文獻以申述己意，有時因襲全文，有時則自行引申，再作闡釋，與三家《詩》義無關。及後三家《詩》説有與賈生同者，非賈誼徵用三家之義，而是三家同於賈生。是以陳喬楸、王先謙所言，於推論過程而言，實在是本末倒置。本文即利用文獻比勘之法，以見賈生非用《魯詩》，而是廣徵文獻，不囿於一家之説，並略述賈誼《新書》引述文獻説《詩》之情況，從而得見賈生用《詩》之實。

According to Wang Xianqian 王先謙 and Chen Qiaozong 陳喬縱, Jia Yi 賈誼 was born in early Han Dynasty that used the Lu Shi 魯詩 (Odes of the state of Lu). The hypothesis that Jia Yi used the Lu Shi is questionable. Jia Yi was not too remote from the ancient times and was therefore not necessarily restricted to only one tradition of Shi 詩. This article will exhibit different examples of how Jia Yi used different ancient works to expound Shi, in order to show the circulation of the Shi in the early Han Dynasty and his assessment of the Shi.