創造社的文化行爲與上海出版市場——從另一個角度看創造社的文學主張

Chuangzaoshe (創造社) and the Publishing Industry of Shanghai:A New Perspective on Chuangzaoshe's Literary Propositions

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

以往研究者往往側重創造社精神活動的一面，局限於尋找創造社的文化行爲和文學主張在歷史文化方面的制約因素以及所受國外文學思潮的影響，從而對創造社的解釋多少流於偏頗。

事實上，作爲上海出版市場的一分子，創造社不可避免地受到所處商業環境的影響；反過來他們又以商業的手段和行爲加入到這個出版市場的運作當中。本文一方面致力於疏理創造社的種種文化活動——從崛起於泰東圖書局，到籌辦出版部自主經營；從最初標新立異的文學主張，到引發革命文學論争——與上海出版市場這一商業環境之間的種種關聯；另一方面又以此爲基礎，從一個新的角度對創造社在不同時期提出的文學口號和主張重新加以討論，以補充過往研究在這方面的不足。

Chuangzaoshe was a pro-revolution literary society based in Shanghai from 1921 to 1929. During its ten-year history this literary society changed its. literary propositions several times. Its variable characteristics not only brought itself fame in 1920s but also attracted a great deal attention from the scholars over the past twenty years.

Unfortunately, the studies on Chuangzaoshe have always focused on its spiritual aspects, and the analyses on its literary propositions have long been based on two things: one is the rapidly developing political and cultural circumstances of 1920s, the other is the influence from the foreign literary thoughts.

As a matter of fact, the development of Chuangzaoshe had a lot to do with the Shanghai publishing industry: the business environment of Shanghai exerted a strong influence on the cultural activities of Chuangzaoshe, and Chuangzaoshe in turn resorted to business strategies and methods in order to survive in the business competitions.

The primary purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relations between the cultural activities of Chuangzaoshe and the publishing industry of Shanghai. From this perspective, I seek to further explore the hidden background of Chuangzaoshe’s literary propositions. It is hoped that this research will help fully understand Chuangzaoshe and the Chinese literature in the May-Fourth Era.