《先秦漢魏晉南北朝詩》再檢討

Another Critique on The Poems in the Pre-Qin Days, the Han, the Wei, the Jin, the South and North Dynasties

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

逯欽立《先秦漢魏晉南北朝詩》，是中國近幾十年來古籍編纂整理方面最重要的收穫，其取材廣博、資料翔實、異文齊備、考訂精審、編排得宜的優點，足爲當代的文學總集編纂樹立典範。因該書完成於四十年以前，加上作者没有做最後的加工細校，仍頗存缺憾。本文以當代學術的立場，對此書予以檢討，在充分肯定其成就的同時，指出其因初稿爲《古詩紀補正》，以《古詩紀》爲校勘底本，不免沿襲了《古詩紀》的一些錯失。用書方面，就當時來説已經可稱全備，未用者僅有《詩式》五卷本等不多的幾種。近幾十年有大量新出文獻的問世，多可增補本書。在作品鑒别和取捨方面，逯氏的態度十分慎重，因此在制定體例和具體别擇中，限定稍嚴，如《周易》卦爻辭古歌、漢代七言鏡銘、小説依託作品和釋道歌詩方面，都有較大宗詩歌的缺收。

As one of the most significant achievements on the compilation of ancient books for recent decades in China, The Poems in the Pre-Qin Days, the Han, the Wei, the Jin, the South and North Dynasties edited by Lu Qinli (abbreviated to Lu's Book in the following), should be rated in the present day as classic book of collecting ancient literary works for its advantages of extensive selection, elaborate collation with complete notes, detailed materials and suitable layout. Nevertheless, since being completed forty years ago and without Mr Lu's final proofreading, Lu's Book still has some shortages. This thesis is designed to objectively review Lu's Book on the modern academic standpoint, affirming sufficiently the achievements, as well as pointing out the shortcomings. First of all, Lu's Book, with the initial name of The Supplement and Correction of Shiji, were compiled on basis of Shiji (the Collection of Ancient Poems compiled by Feng Wei'ne in the Ming Dynasty), and thus inevitably inherited some shortages and even mistakes of Shiji. Secondly, Mr Lu consulted ancient books as extensively as possible in those day, so that only a few ancient books such as The Rules of Poetry (five-volume edition, written by a Buddhist named Jiaoran in the Tang Dynasty) were left out. However, great deal of ancient books printed in recent decades may be used to supplement Lu's Book. Thirdly, Mr Lu's meticulosity and severe restriction in selection brought about great omission of poems such as the ancient ballads in the explanations of divinatory symbols in Zhouyi (the Book of Changes), seven-character inscriptions on copper mirrors in the Han Dynasty, poems under someone's name in ancient novels, poems with relation to Buddhism and Taoism, and so on.