明僧紹與棲霞立寺史實考——重讀《攝山棲霞寺碑》與《明徵君碑》

Ming Sengshao and the Foundation of Qixia Temple

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

南京棲霞寺的創立與南齊徵君明僧紹有十分密切的關係。明僧紹出生於山東平原郡一個有信佛傳統的世族家庭。他有很高的儒學修養，自宋至齊，多次拒絶朝廷的徵辟。最初，他在長廣郡即今山東青島一帶聚徒講學。泰始二年（466），由於淮北四州淪於北魏，他隨家族南下建康，升明元年（477），又隨其弟明慶符到鬱州。三年後，他回到建康，並定居攝山，修築棲霞精舍。永明二年（484）明僧紹去世後，他的兒子明仲璋舍宅爲寺，永明七年（489）法度襌師以棲霞精舍爲基礎，正式創立了棲霞寺。

The foundation of Qixia Temple was closely related to the famous scholar Ming Sengshao who was born into a great family with the tradition of professing Buddhism in Shandong province. However he himself was of great attainments on Confucism and rejected the public offices for several times. He taught at Qingtao of Shangdong province at his earlier years and moved in 466 with his family to Nanjing, the capital at that time, when Shandong was taken over by Northern Wei. He left Nanjing in 477 and came back three years later. This time he settled down in Qixia Mountain and built for himself a study called Qixia. After he died in 484 he son Ming Zhongzhang donated the study to the monk Fadu and on the basis of it the monk found up Qixia Temple eventually in 489.