中國戲劇在道教、佛教儀式的基礎上産生的途徑

A Discussion of How Buddhist and Daoist Rituals Contributed to the Birth of Chinese Drama

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

作者認爲，鄉村咒術演變爲戲劇的途徑主要有兩條，一是從趕走瘟疫鬼邪的儀式演進到儺舞和攤戲，最後形成武戲；一條是從鎮撫孤魂野鬼的超幽儀式演進爲悲劇或文戲。本文着重討論了從事鄉村祭祀的道士們在道教儀式中採用的法系儀式和道系儀式，及其分别發展爲武戲和文戲或悲劇的可能性。

The author argues that Chinese village shamanism evolved into drama via two routes. First, rituals for exorcising plague devils evolved into nuo dance and nuo plays, which finally gave form to martial drama. Second, rituals to pacify forlorn, wandering ghosts evolved in tragedies or civil drama. This article examines “mantic rituals” and “dao rituals” practiced by Daoist priests who hosted ceremonial rituals in rural areas, and the possibility that these Daoist rituals separately evolved in martial drama and civil or tragic drama, respectively.