杜甫、白居易近體詩韻字考——依靠《刊謬補缺切韻》考察韻字

An Examination of Rhyming Words in the Recent-style Poetry of Du Fu and Bai Juyi

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文利用唐代韻書《刊謬補缺切韻》，以杜甫詩和白居易詩爲例證，分析唐詩的用韻，認爲杜詩和白詩的韻字大體上出自《刊謬補缺切韻》，其用韻範圍基本上是《切韻》所收的範圍。而《刊謬補缺切韻》中未收的杜詩和白詩的韻字，比例僅佔不到百分之二。由此推論像北宋《廣韻》這樣大規模的韻書是用韻書的規範化，增補的主要是字典的未收字，使韻書字典化了。而像北宋《韻略》這樣小規模的韻書是專供詩文用的。

This study makes use of the Kanmiu buque Qieyun (Corrections of Errors and Supplements to the Qieyun), a Tang-dynasty rhyme book, in examining the rhyming system in Tang poetry. The author argues that most of the rhyming words in Du Fu’s (712-770) and Bai Juyi’s (772-846) poetry are found in this book and that they are basically within the coverage of Qieyun. Less than two percent of the rhyming words in the poetry of Du and Bai are not found in Kanmiu buque Qieyun. These findings allow a hypothesis that most tome rhyme books such as the Guangyun, which were compiled in the Northern Song, were standardized editions of rhyme books. All retrospective supplements to rhyme books were mainly words that were not collected from dictionaries, so rhyme books were then lexicalized. Small rhyme books such as the Yunlue (A Concise Rhyme Book) were, however, specifically for the use of poetry composition.