清末北京官話的句法特點——以幾部域外北京官話資料爲例

The Syntactic Features of Beijing Mandarin in the Late Qing Dynasty- A Case Study of a Series of Colloquial Pekinese Documents Abroad

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文選取幾部域外十九世紀末反映北京官話的資料《語言自邇集》、《燕京婦語》、《談論新篇》、《官話指南》、《官話類編》等，描寫其中反映北京話特點的八種句式。這些句式大部分是清末北京官話中新出現的句式，還有部分是區别於南方話而具有北京官話地域特點的句式。文章認爲：域外北京官話資料反映了北京話口語的真實面貌，是研究北京話的極好的素材。

This paper selects and investigates a series of colloquial Pekinese textbooks such as Yü Yen Tzǔ Êrh Chi, yan jing fit yu, Tan lun xin bian, Guanhua Zhinan, Mandarin Lessons and also some historical documents that reflect the features of the Mandarin in the late 19th century. Eight sentence patterns (or syntactic features) which reflect the characteristics of Beijing dialect are identified. Most of these syntactic features emerged in the late Qing Dynasty, while some other sentence patterns have the geographical characteristics of colloquial Pekinese which are different from those of the southern Mandarin. It is thus concluded that these documents keep a faithful record of the Colloquial Language of Beijing dialect of that time, which will play an important role in the academic study of the Beijing Colloquial Language.