漢末建安的疫災與文學

The Plague and Literature in the End of Han Dynasty

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

漢末建安時期連年不斷的戰亂與荒饉，跟接踵而至的疫災交雜，横行肆虐，對整個社會各方面都造成極大的破壞與影響，同樣，也對當時的文學造成深刻的影響。從疫災到文學的轉换機制，是人們關於人生苦短世事無常的遷逝感。遷逝感作用於文學，產生了不同的審美觀念與風貌迥異的文學樣式。一是以悲爲美，由此衍生爲人生無常與及時行樂主題交融的宴游詩，以及憑吊帝國宗廟與哀悼百姓生民的挽歌；一是反以悲爲美，由此衍生爲以方外之思來達至心靈救贖的游仙詩。

Wars and famine stalked through the land of China at the latter part of Han Dynasty, subsequently wide spreading plague resulted in severe destroy of the society in many aspects, which, at same time, brought profound influences to the literature. The conversion from plague to literature is reshaping people’s view of life, the “time-flows feeling” was brought about by uncertain environment and radically changing reality. In the prospect of literature, “time-flows feeling” was applied on concepts of aesthetic and literary styles. On one hand, melancholy was regarded as beauty, results in poetry of feast and voyaging which express the evanescence of human existence and preoccupation of pleasure-seeking, as well as elegy to agonize the declining empire and deceased community. On the other hand, anti-melancholy was also considered as beauty, “poetry of immortals” was to heal the psychic trauma by seeking supernatural subsistence.