左翼視野下的民衆——魯迅與福柯的一個比較

The Masses in the Eyes of the Left: A Comparative Study of Lu Xun and Michel Foucault

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

魯迅和福柯都傾向“左翼”——同情民衆，關注“被壓迫者”，參與或支持左翼的文化和政治運動。在共同的“左翼”視野下，他們對民衆的思考亦有諸多相通的地方。一方面，與福柯所强調的民衆之間的相互作用以及深受統治階级的道德意識形態的影響相一致，魯迅也認識到，作爲一個革新者，自己面對的民衆是一個難以切割的整體；另一方面，一旦選擇自己的社會和道德立場，福柯與魯迅都關注下層民衆身受的“壓迫”，認同下層民衆“被壓迫者”的社會位置。與此同時，他們都警惕知識分子代言的角色，認爲民衆的反抗壓迫最重要的是發出自己的聲音。

Both Lu Xun (1881-1936) and Michel Foucault (1926-1984) showed left-wing tendencies. They sympathized with the masses, were concerned about those who were repressed, and participated in or supported left-wing cultural and political movements. With a common left-wing vision, these two individuals also reflected on the masses in similar ways. Foucault emphasized that interaction within the masses had the same effect on them as the ruling class’s ideology. As a reformer, Lu Xun realized that the masses he faced should be treated as an undividable entity. Another similarity between the two individuals is their sympathy with the masses. Once they determined their own views on society and ethics, they both focused on the oppression borne by the masses and clearly defined this social stratum as “the oppressed.” In addition, they were both on guard against intellectuals who merely played the role of spokesmen for the masses. They maintained that the masses should speak out for themselves as a means to combat oppression.