《大意尊聞》中的方東樹其人其思———以讀書觀和人生感悟爲例

The Character and Thought of Fang Dongshu in His Dayi Zunwen: A Case Study on Learning Perspectives and Life Experience

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

談到清代的“漢宋之爭”，必然會提及方東樹（1772—1851）及其攻駁乾嘉漢學的名著《漢學商兑》。由於《漢學商兑》立場鮮明，不但被視爲清代宋學家的宣言，更成爲學者認識方東樹的主要材料。然而，這種研究徑路其實存在局限，因爲《漢學商兑》實爲一本具有特定目的且充滿攻擊性的學術專著，未必能反映方東樹其人其思之全貌。有鑒於此，本文將目光轉向方氏《大意尊聞》一書。《大意尊聞》雖是其晚年寫予子孫的家誡，但書中内容係與天下後學共勉，代表他對後輩的普遍期許；該書之性質也更像是省身録，較諸《漢學商兑》集中於學術交鋒的詞嚴義正，透露更多私密的觀念與情緒。藉由此書，一方面可認識方東樹與朱子（熹，1130—1200）有同有異的讀書法，同時也看到他的自我反思與人生感悟。這些方東樹學思與性格之面向，是無法透過《漢學商兑》識取的。

Fang Dongshu (1772-1851) and his Hanxue shangdui always play an important role in the discussion of the disputes between the Han School and Song School in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Scholars have been relying mainly on this book in their study of the Song School and the image of Fang. However, this research approach and methodology may be problematic because of the distinctive motives behind the writing of Hanxue shangdui. It is a monograph full of antagonism intended to defend the value of the Song School against the Han School; therefore, it cannot reflect the entirety of Fang’s character and thought. To reverse the situation, I would like to focus on Fang’s other book, Dayi zunwen, which comprises family precepts for his grandchildren. Through this book, we can transparently realize Fang’s methods of study, as well as his personality defects by introspection. We can also comprehend the conduct of life that he provided for his descendants in his senectitude.