晚清民初“夢窗熱”溯源：從周濟與吴中詞人的創作看夢窗詞的崛起

Tracing the Origin of the “Fever for Mengzhuang” in late Qing and early Republican Era: A Study of Ci Poetry of Zhou Ji and Poets from the Wu Region with Reference to their Reception of Wu Wenying’s Works

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

晚清民初詞壇向有“夢窗熱”一説，指當時詞人特重夢窗詞，學夢窗成風。吴文英在詞史上的升降浮沈落差甚大。自清代中後期，夢窗開始進入詞家的視野，並受到一定的推崇，而在晚清民初一躍成爲詞壇圭臬。箇中原因，耐人尋味，也可見夢窗詞獨特的魅力。道光詞壇的重要選本《宋四家詞選》和《宋七家詞選》等，以及一些相關的評論，都可視爲吴文英詞崛起的端倪。隨著論者對夢窗詞更深入的認知，他們在創作中對夢窗詞亦有一定程度的仿擬和化用。本文以這個時期爲日後“夢窗熱”之發端，並擬結合詞論，觀察周濟及吴中詞人在創作時對夢窗詞的摹習。

The article aims to examine the reception of a controversial poet, Wu Wenying 吴文英 (ca. 1200-ca. 1260), who was not highly regarded until after the Daoguan reign-period of the Qing dynasty (1820-1850), but quickly became the most influential figure in both the fields of critiques and creative writing. Despite the criticism, Wu continued to influence on the ci-poets in the 20th century, This article explores the beginning of Wu’s rising popularity by investigating important critics and poets who were active during the Daoguan era, namely Zhou Ji (1781-1839), Ge Zai (1786-1856), and Zhu Shou (1789-1840). By analyzing the circumstances that gave rise to the popularity of Wu and the ci-poems written in an attempt to emulate Mengchuang’s style, the article aims to learn how tradition was drawn upon and transformed, producing new meanings among late Qing poets.