道咸時期嶺南詞壇之考察：以陳澧及其交遊爲中心

A Study of Lingnan Ci-poetry of the Daoguang and Xianfeng Eras, with a Focus on Chen Li and His Social Network

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

嶺南向來被視爲化外之地，學術風氣不盛。十九世紀初期，阮元於廣州設置學海堂，帶來江南考據學文化的同時，亦促進了廣東文化認同意識的形成。

向來論及嶺南詞多著重晚清世變與常州詞學之關聯，而少見道咸詞壇討論。本文由陳澧現存的序跋題記與詞學交遊爲考察基點，試圖廓清道咸時期嶺南詞壇之概況。首先，由於此時期的嶺南詞人先世多源出江南，加之以阮元提倡江南學術的緣故，因而嶺南繼受江南傳統頗深。陳澧等文人論詞多以浙西爲宗的審美觀即源於此。其次，學海堂文人意圖通過文史考證追溯嶺南歷史至南漢，以表出嶺南文化的悠久性與特異性的意識，同樣展現於越臺詞社的集結與《粤東詞鈔》的成書。陳澧的詞學活動和交遊亦受益於此。陳澧兼具江南與嶺南兩種文化身分，通過考察其交遊活動，不僅有助於我們理解道咸時期嶺南詞壇的審美趨向，亦能看到嶺南詞人繼受江南文化的同時，試圖建構嶺南文化主體性之過程。

Lingnan has long been seen as an uncivilized region throughout Chinese history. In the early 19^th century, Ruan Yuan (1764-1849) established the Xuehai tang in Guangzhou. He introduced the theory of evidential research from the Jiangnan region, and thereby consummated the formation of the Cantonese literati’s cultural identity.

Previous research of Lingnan ci-poetry has laid more emphasis on its transitions in the late Qing dynasty than the Daoguang, Xianfeng, and Tongzhi reign-periods. This article focuses on the ci-poetry of Chen Li (1810-1882) and its peripherals to observe his social network and the development of Lingnan ci-poetry. First, it takes the perspective of cultural reception to observe that most of the Lingnan literati’s ancestors were immigrants from Jiangnan in the early to middle stages of the Qing dynasty; therefore, they succeeded not only the academic tradition of Jiangnan but also the cultural identity and literary aesthetics. This explains why Chen Li and his fellow literati took the aesthetics of the School of Western Zhejiang as an evaluation standard for ci-poetry. Second, in addition to tracing the history of Lingnan to the Southern Han Kingdom (917-971) by examination of relevant historical evidence, the Xuehai tang scholars organized poetry clubs and compiled Lingnan ci-poetry anthologies to represent the uniqueness of Lingnan culture.

The study of Chen Li, an immigrant from Jiangnan and a leader of the Xuehai tang, and his social network not only enables us to understand Lingnan ci-poetry in the mid and late Qing dynasty, but benefits us by learning a different facet of the development of the ci-poetry of the region.