從華得素：《詩鏡》選評隋煬帝之形象特色及詩學意義

The Insights and Values of the Commentary on Emperor Yang of the Sui’s Poems Anthologized in Lu Shiyong’s Shijing

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

陸時雍《詩鏡》對隋煬帝詩歌的選評，在明代選本與詩話中，不僅選收比例高，評賞角度也有别。陸氏之審美標準爲何？本文指出，陸氏刻意避開唐宋筆記中有關忌才妒殺、讖詩應驗之事，而凸顯其才情風流的形象，反映陸氏重情韻、輕君德的詩學觀。至若標舉煬帝詩“風骨凝然”“從華得素”，一則緣於陸氏論詩重感通素樸之作，煬帝扭轉了梁、陳以來因律句興起而雕飾盛、本實衰的問題，無論在理論與創作上，都使古道復存。此外，陸氏感慨唐詩興而六代亡，然正因唐人别轉風調，益發襯托煬帝詩得六朝滋養，風味天成。要言之，陸時雍從文學史發展的角度，重新定位隋煬帝詩歌之價值，爲我們揭示了晚明詩壇及文論，在既有的復古、竟陵等諸流派框架下，不一樣的觀看視角。

The late Ming scholar Lu Shiyong (d. 1640) has a unique aesthetic taste revealed in his commentary on Emperor Yang of the Sui’s (r. 604-618) poems anthologized in his Shijing (Mirror of Shi-Poetry). What is Lu’s aesthetic standard? In this study, I point out that Lu Shiyong deliberately avoids the viewpoints found in miscellaneous Tang and Song notes about this emperor’s envy for other talented poets and penchant for killing them by making use of the fabricated realization of prophecies. Rather, Lu highlights the emperor’s romantic and talented character. This treatment reflects the emphasis on lyricism while despising the monarch’s morals. Lu appraises the Sui Emperor’s poems as embodying “Air and Bones” and “pursuing simplicity via embellishment.” This appraisal reveals Lu’s emphasis on simplicity, a deed achieved by the Sui Emperor, who checked and changed the trends in writing in overly ornate poetry with little solid content, which were developed and prevalent since the Qi and Liang Dynasties (479-557). In Lu’s view, the poetry of the Six Dynasties died as Tang poetry was born. Before this transition, Emperor Yang’s poetry became especially precious because he was nourished by the poetry of the Six Dynasties. In short, from the perspective of the development of literary history, Lu Shiyong reevaluates the value of Emperor Yang’s poetry and demonstrates a different perspective in late Ming poetics, which are mainly represented by classicists and the Jingling schools.