論南朝詩歌冢墓書寫中的移動與觀看

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

冢墓作爲中世重要的文化場域，在詩歌領域中，從東漢以來附庸於“哀傷”詩的景觀陪襯，轉變爲南朝詩的歌詠主題，冢墓與詩歌的連結，展現出獨特的發展與變化。南朝詩的冢墓書寫具有强烈的移動性質，不僅强調作者對於冢墓的意外發現，冢墓的存在迥異人類經驗世界，從生活之“常”走入冢墓之“非常”，需要透過移動才能達成。而此一移動特徵，亦表現於南朝冢墓詩書寫的臨場性與當下性。謝靈運與蕭子良文學集團，對於故人之拜墓與追念，從哀傷抒懷到同題共作，展現“爲情造文”與“爲文造情”兩種書寫風格。至何遜、庾信結合冢墓與詠史，使冢墓書寫不限於生死感嘆，更加拓展了冢墓在詩歌書寫的可能性。南朝詩冢墓書寫融會移動、抒情、詠史三項詩歌性質，交會時間與空間、生命與死亡的探討，實爲觀照南朝詩歌的重要視角。

Graves were an important cultural field in Medieval China. In poetry, its role changed from a subsidiary element in Eastern Han to being a main theme in the Southern Dynasties. The connection between graves and poetry has created a unique development and transformation. Poems on visiting graves in the Southern Dynasties are characterized by the theme of mobility. They not only emphasize the poets incidental discovery of graves but also point out that the graves very existence is different from the world of human experience. It requires mobility to step into the “unusual” world of the grave from the “usual” world of everyday life. On the themes of visiting graves and mourning, the two literary circles led by Hsieh Ling Yun and Hsiao Tzu Liang demonstrate two different modes of writing, “create writing for the sake of feeling” and “create feeling for the sake of writing.” In the latter part of the era, by integrating the genres of grave visiting poetry and poems on history, He Xun and Yu Xin further expanded the possibilities of the former, taking it beyond reflections on life and death. The grave visiting poetry in the Southern Dynasties feature travel, mourning and reflection on history, combine the discussion of time and space as well as life and death, and provide an important perspective in appreciating the poetry of the Southern Dynasties.