文體超越與人格轉型———論作爲“傳奇體”的《岳陽樓記》文體學意義

Stylistic Transcendence and Personality Transition—On the Stylistic significance of “Yueyang lou Ji” as Chuanqi Style

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

范仲淹《岳陽樓記》因其“對語説時景”的特點，被當時人稱作“傳奇體”（尹洙語）。這一稱呼，反映出駢文或駢儷句法所具有的詼諧、遊戲的性質，與宋四六所具有的娱樂性密切相關。另外，《岳陽樓記》駢散結合，多用對句，且多長句對、隔句對，既不同於當時正在崛起的古文，又與以四六句爲主的傳統駢文迥然不同。它被尹洙所斥責，反映出宋初古文在確立自身文體規範的過程中，嘗試與駢文劃開界限的努力。作爲宋初古文家的代表作，《岳陽樓記》多描摹鋪叙之筆，違背了記體文“以叙事爲主”的文體規範。《岳陽樓記》之所以被稱作“傳奇體”，與其不拘一格的文體特殊性不無關係，需要進一步將其納入中唐至北宋的“奇”的文學譜系下，方能得到更好的理解。由此追溯《岳陽樓記》的中唐文學淵源，從“文之奇”到“精神之奇”，體現了《岳陽樓記》在形式和内容諸多方面的文體創新和超越。

Fan Zhongyan’s “Yueyanglou Ji “(“An Account of the Yueyang Pavillion”) was characterized as “chuanqi style” by contemporary critics such as Yin Zhu (1001-1047) because it “described the present scenery with parallel expressions.” This comment reflects the witty and playful nature of parallelism, which is closely related to the entertaining function of parallel couplets in the Song dynasty. In other words, the combination of parallel and non-parallel sentences in “Yueyanglou Ji”, with many long sentences consisting of parallels or alternating parallels, fit neither with “ancient style” prose revived at the beginning of Song dynasty nor typical parallel prose, a form of writing using mainly parallels of four-or-six syllable phrases. It was therefore rebuked by Yin Zhu, which shows the efforts of the early Song classical writers in establishing their own stylistic norms and trying to differentiate it with parallelism. As a representative work of the early Song literati, “Yueyanglou Ji” is full of lengthy descriptions, which violates the genre norm of “narrative-based “form of ji (“record” or “account”). The reason why “Yueyanglou Ji” was considered “extraordinary” may be due to its unconventional stylistic peculiarities. The full significance of this piece can only be understood in the context of the literary genealogy of the “extraordinary” since the Mid Tang to the Northern Song. Hence, from “extraordinary literary writing” to “extraordinary spirit,” “Yueyanglou Ji” manifests stylistic innovation and transcendence.