地標、記憶與家國———宋王臺的文學書寫（1911-1960）

Landmark, Memory and Homeland—On the literary writing of Sung Wong Toi (1911-1960)

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

香港九龍地區的宋王臺是南宋末年帝昰、帝昺曾經駐蹕的地方。以前清翰林陳伯陶爲代表的遺民于民國前後避居香港，對宋王臺進行考證、書寫，將其打造成在港遺民懷念故國的象徵性地標。之後的半個多世紀裏，居港文人接受並傳承先人的記憶，圍繞宋王臺進行書寫，體現出鮮明的時代特徵，戰争期間爲拯救民族危亡而發揚民族團結精神，文學成爲凝聚民族團結的力量。戰後發懷古之幽思和動亂之感，文人們對家國的熱愛始終如一。其中，居港遺民關於宋王臺的唱和詩詞體現出群體意識，包括首唱者的領袖意識、群體成員的從服意識、唱和諸人的主動參與意識以及傳播、彰顯本群體的意識。“臺”承載著歷史記憶，詩題“宋王臺”與典故“西臺”的使用均體現出文化傳承。宋王臺承載了幾代人的家國情懷，文人通過對宋王臺的書寫構建起飽含文化記憶和自我經驗的心靈世界。

Sung Wong Toi, located in the Kowloon area of Hong Kong, is where Emperor Shi and Emperor Bing, the last two emperors of Southern Song, escaped for a short time at the end of the dynasty. This historical site has not attracted the world’s attention for hundreds of years. The terrace has long disappeared, leaving only a giant stone with the three characters “Sung Wong Toi” written on it. When the Qing loyalists, represented by former Imperial Academician Chen Botao, emigrated to Hong Kong around 1911, they researched and wrote poetry about Sung Wong Toi, making it a symbolic landmark for the Qing loyalists in Hong Kong to commemorate the former dynasty and their homeland. For more than half a century afterward, literati living in Hong Kong accepted and inherited the memories of the Qing loyalists, wrote poems around Sung Wong Toi, reflecting the characteristics of the times and cultural connotations. During the war, they carried forward the spirit of national unity to save the nation from peril, and after the war, they expressed nostalgia and emotional response to the turmoil. Poems about Sung Wong Toi written by Qing loyalists residing in Hong Kong reflect the group’s collective consciousness, including Chen Botao and Su Jidong’s sense of leadership, the members’ obedience, and their active participation in promoting and disseminating their group. Their use of classical images such as “Yashan,” “Cai Soup Thatched House,” “West Terrace,” “Xi She” and “holly” in their poetry reflects the local characteristics, symbolism and historical heritage of Guangdong. The literati constructed a spiritual world full of cultural memory and individual experience through the writing of Sung Wong Toi. Sung Wong Toi carries the patriotism of several generations.