清代引用類詞話的成立及其研究路徑

The Formation of Citation-based Cihua in the Qing Dynasty and its Research Approach

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

引用類詞話是指以抄録作家詞作爲主要内容且不對詞作本身進行藝術品評和本事闡發的詞話，它的核心特徵是以詞存人，並以存録當代詞人詞作爲主。它的形成受到了“以鈔代著”的著述傳統以及選本、紀傳體史書、學案體等多種著述體式的影響。引用詞作是詞話編纂的常規構件，但是引用類詞話的成立是在清代的咸同時期及稍後，彼時動蕩的社會環境催生了當代文獻的搶救意識、清詞整理的使命感和“詞史”意識的勃興，進而導致詞話記録性書寫的自覺。引用類詞話的價值長期不受重視，將書籍史和閲讀史的研究方法帶入引用類詞話的研究，可以重新激活這一類文獻的價值，如可以藉助詞作的佚文與異文，呈現更爲豐富的詞壇風貌與詞作的文本層次；藉助文獻集群，明晰詞話編纂者的閲讀情況和詞學文本的傳播效率；通過文本痕跡，擬測編者的閲讀習慣以及成書過程。這些都便於在文獻的動態生成中窺探清詞與清代詞學文本的複雜屬性，也是回歸話體文學本體研究的有益嘗試。

Citation-based cihua refers to cihua that primarily focuses on transcribing the ci-poems works of authors without offering artistic evaluations or elucidating the original intent of the ci-poems. Its core characteristic lies in preserving the ci- poems and focusing on recording the ci works of contemporary ci poets. Its formation is influenced by the tradition of “replacing writings with transcripts” as well as various writing styles such as anthologies, biographical histories, and academic case studies. Citation of ci-poems is a common component in the cihua, but the formation of citation-based cihua emerged roughly during the Xianfeng and Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty and a short period thereafter. The turbulent social environment at that time gave rise to a sense of urgency in rescuing contemporary literary documents, a sense of mission in organizing Qing ci- poems, and the flourishing awareness of “ci history”, which in turn led to the conscious recording of cihua. Despite its long-standing marginalization in academic discourse, applying methodologies from book history and reading history to the study of citation-based cihua can reinvigorate the value of these texts. For instance, analyzing variant texts and lost fragments of ci-poems preserved in these compilations can reveal richer dimensions of poetic trends and textual layering. Examining documentary clusters within cihua clarifies the compilers’ reading practices and the dissemination efficiency of ci texts. Meanwhile, tracing textual tracks allows scholars to reconstruct the compilers’ reading habits and the processes of textual formation. Such approaches facilitate a dynamic exploration of the complex nature of ci-poems in the Qing dynasty and its scholarly texts, while also offering a meaningful attempt to recenter the ontological study of cihua as a discursive literary form.