咸同兵燹與“詞史”寫作的展開、重塑及經典化

On the Writing, Recomposing, and Canonization of Ci Shi in Xianfeng and Tongzhi Reign Eras

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

咸同時期，在戰爭的刺激下，詞人們將所見所聞及心中悲痛直白地記録在詞作中，産生了數量不菲的直賦其事式“詞史”作品。這些作品並不契合周濟在比興寄托詞學思想上提出的“詞史”觀。戰爭帶來的盛衰之感在戰後持續發酵，而此時常州詞學影響漸廣，周濟的“詞史”觀得到了更大範圍的接受與發展。深受常州詞學影響的批評家在搶救咸同燼餘詞籍時，放大了興寄式“詞史”作品的聲量，甚至建構起部分戰前作品的“詞史”意義。戰爭的深層影響與清代詞學的内在發展脈絡形成合力，主導了咸同“詞史”寫作的經典化進程。

During the Xianfeng and Tongzhi eras, impacted by the war, poets directly recorded their observations, experiences, and sorrows in their ci lyrics, producing a significant number of “ci as history” (ci shi) that directly narrated events. These works did not align with Zhou Ji’s concept of ci shi in his theory of evocative and allusive expression. The sense of rise and fall brought by the war continued to ferment after the war, while the influence of the Changzhou School’s ci studies gradually expanded. Zhou Ji’s concept of ci shi was accepted and developed on a broader scale. Critics deeply influenced by the Changzhou School, while rescuing the lyrics that survived the war, amplified the voices of evocative and allusive ci shi and even constructed the ci shi significance of some works produced before the war. The profound impact of the war and the internal developmental trajectory of Qing-dynasty ci writings converged to form a synergistic force, which dominated the canonization process of ci shi writing during the Xianfeng and Tongzhi periods.