The Comparison of Functional Fitness and Self-esteem among Elderly Women Engaging Different Exercise Programs: Walking, Low Impact Aerobic, and Chi-kung

從事不同運動型態中、老年婦女功能性體適能狀況及自尊心之比較

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

Purposes: 1) Elderly females engaging different exercise programs (walking, low impact aerobic, chi-kung) and sedentary elderly women were compared on self-esteem and functional fitness; 2) The predictability of the 6 functional fitness variables to self-esteem was also tested. Methods: 256 elderly females (55-75 years old) were selected from each of the 3-exercised group (walking, low-impact aerobic, and chi-kung class) and sedentary group respectively. Measuring instruments included Functional Fitness Test and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). One-way ANOVA was utilized to compare the three exercised-group of subjects on the overall self-esteem score (Rosenberg, 1965), and the multiple regression analysis was utilized to determine whether the 6 functional fitness predictors add to a linear function of self-esteem. Results: ‘Flexibility' was found to be significant (p < .05) predictor of self-esteem. Self-esteem , ‘BMI', ‘FLEX', ‘BAL', and ‘AGIL' of the physically active elderly women were significantly (p<.05) better than the non-exercised women. Furthermore, Self-esteem , ‘BMI', ‘FLEX', ‘BAL', ‘MUSCU', and ‘AGIL' scores of the elderly women of low impact aerobic exercised-group was significantly higher than those of the walking and Chi-kung group. However, no significant differences (p>.05) were found among the three groups in the mean‘ CARDIO' scores. Conclusion: Elderly females engaging in low impact aerobic have higher self-esteem and better functional fitness. Furthermore, Flexibility is the most important predictor of self-esteem in elderly females.

目的：比較從事步行、低衝擊有氧、及氣功，與久坐生活形態之中老年婦女，其自尊值和功能性體適能之差異。同時評估六項功能性體適能指標對於自尊值的預測能力。方法：以256位自願參與，年齡介於55歲到77歲之中老年婦女為受測者，其中49位為久坐生活形態的中老年婦女，85位從事氣功；35位從事步行，以及87位從事低衝擊有氧運動。本研究之測量包括功能性體適能測驗以及羅斯伯格自尊心之測量。結果：一、功能性體適能中柔軟度為自尊程度的顯著(p<.05)預測用變項；二、從事規律運動的中老年婦女之自尊值、身體質量指數、柔軟度、平衡、及敏捷性顯著(p<.05)高於沒有從事規律運動的中老年婦女；三、從事低衝擊有氧運動之中老年婦女的自尊程度和功能性體適能顯著(p<.05)高於從事步行、氣功的中老年婦女。結論：從事低衝擊有氧運動的參與者有較高的自尊及較好的功能性體適能狀況。除此之外，柔軟度是「自尊」之重要預測用變項。