清漕運總督馬世濟生平及官場遭際考論———以馬氏夫妻合葬墓誌銘爲中心

Research About Ma-Shi Ji’s life And Official Encounter Who Had Served As The Canal Governor In The Early Qing Dynasty: Based On The Couple Tombs Stone Epitaph

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

馬世濟係遼陽漢軍旗人，康熙年間官至漕運總督。作者通過將其合葬墓誌銘内所載生平事迹與美國國會圖書館收藏的《馬氏家譜》内的史料進行比對研究，整理出《馬世濟年譜簡編》。由此進一步研究，發現三藩之亂平息後，馬世濟受到康熙帝的恩寵，頻繁賜宴賞物，仕途上也屢得特簡。這種恩寵非其個人才能所致，實因其父廣西巡撫馬雄鎮在三藩之亂中殉節，朝廷覃恩的結果。馬世濟爲官期間的數次失宜表現使得康熙帝逐漸質疑其爲官能力，最終被罷免漕運總督一職，此後其基本退出政壇。馬氏家族顯赫的家世、與官宦士紳間的數代通婚、重視儒家科舉教育的傳統等優勢條件，使得繼馬世濟之後，該家族中出現了許多躋身仕途的子孫。

Ma Shiji (馬世濟), a Han Bannerman whose ancestral home is in Liao Yang, was appointed to the canal governor by the Qing government in the Kang-xi period. He was buried with his two wives together after death. The epitaph records the main Biographical Event of his life, we can do a contrastive study on the epitaph and Ma‘s Family Tree (《馬氏家譜》) that be collected by the library of the United States Congress. Based on these studies, this article has compiled the epitaph original text and a concise chronicle of Ma-Shi Ji’s life. According to our study based on the concise chronicle of Ma-Shi Ji‘s life and other related historical materials, we found he got many kinds of reward and official promotion from the emperor Kang-xi. These rewards were awarded by the Qing government due to Ma Xiongzhen (馬雄鎮), his father, the governor of Guangxi province, who had been killed in the Wu-San Gui rebellion, rather than his own efforts. There are several misconduct in his official period, which makes the emperor Kang-xi questioned his official capacity so that dismissed his office-the canal governor. After that, he almost got out of politics. There are many political advantages in this family, such as a prominent political background, the intermarriage with some officials and gentry family for several generations, the tradition that members paid great attention to the Confucian education for children. These advantages make many descendants became officials after Ma-Shi Ji was removed from office.