海外傳衣鉢———李穡《牧隱詩藁》的唐詩接受與物候感知

The Inheritance of Abroad: The Acceptance of Tang Poetry and the Perception of Weather in Li Se’s “Mu Yin Shi Gao”

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

李穡年十四始學詩，善於觀察及摹寫自然物色，以詩作爲記憶自然與生活的印記，又歷經元、明及高麗、李朝兩國六朝的跨國易代，除了在父母國由高麗到李朝外，尚有中原的“遼前宋後交馳日，元北明南兩立年”（《北庭》）的經歷，朝代的興亡更迭與個人的進退出處，以及自然物候、風土人情之異，每見於詩，終身吟詠不輟，留下豐富的詩篇與許多值得探究的議題。李穡習朱子學，深得歐陽玄之賞識，視爲海外傳衣鉢者；而李穡又以李杜與程朱並列，成爲一生用力所在。是以本文從唐詩接受與物候感知切入，探討李穡以杜甫爲“正宗”而上溯《南風》，喚起順應自然物候以長養天下之民的帝王記憶，不斷召喚與天相親的農耕記憶，尤以時雨潤物、發榮滋長的物理，最爲深微而親切，從而跳脱抒情傳統所側重的“悲秋傷春”主題，體現出以春天爲主軸的物候感知，映現潤物發榮與順性得所的自在清明。對於中國文化在三韓的發揚與建構，具有重要意義。

Li Se was a Korean scholar and learned to write Chinese poetry at the age of fourteen. He was a man of gifts. He was good at outstanding observation of natural scenery. Besides, he once studied and employed in China in his early life. Because of this experience, he encountered dynastic changes in both countries, including the transition of Yuan and Ming in China and the transition of Gao Li and Li Chao in Korea. These political and cultural experiences became the treasure of his poetry. Intriguingly, Li Se studied the philosophy of Zhu Xi. His poetry met with Ou Yang Xuan acceptance. Meanwhile, Li Se’s poetry had said he learned and inherit of China poetry. Li Se admired Li Bai and Du Fu as much as he respects Zhu Xi and Cheng Yi. All of them were honored by Li Se and become the cultural heroes in his mind. As for the poetics, Li Se considered Nan Feng to be the origin of Chinese poetry. In this poetry, it was his convictions that we should live in accordance with the nature, just like people in the ancient time. Thus, his poetry embodied the blessings in spring and avoided the “sadness of autumn/spring” in poetic tradition. He certainly was recognized as the important poet who represented the Chinese culture in Korea.