和製漢詞在中國的傳播及影響：以黄遵憲和梁啓超爲中心

Discussion of the Spread and Influence of Japanese-made Chinese words in China: A Perspective with Huang Zunxian and Liang Qichao

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

中國傳統文學發展到清末民初，在性質和形式上出現了巨大改變，由“文言”過渡至“白話”，在形體上出現了新奇的創造。不僅如此，文學精神與作家創作的態度，同時也發生了很大的變化，其中一個重要的原因是在20世紀初，日本的明治維新時期，大量和製漢詞傳入中國，日本成爲當時中國從外部世界獲取新知識的主要途徑。黄遵憲和梁啓超是在中日文化交流史上留下足迹的先驅者。黄遵憲駐日四年餘，著《日本國志》和《日本雜事詩》等書，最早向中國全面地介紹了日本。梁啓超在百日維新失敗後流亡日本，滯留十餘年，期間創辦《清議報》和《時務報》等報刊，推動中國社會的改革，在學術上深受日本影響。兩人對日文書籍内容的理解與東洋文化的推廣有著密切關係。本文擬通過黄遵憲和梁啓超兩人與日本的淵源，觀察並比較有關的文本及報刊，試圖探討他們對和製漢詞在中國的傳播起了哪些作用。

During the end of Ching Dynasty and the early Chinese nation period, Chinese literature has innovatively transited from classical language to modern language. In addition, massive Japanese-made Chinese words were imported to China during the Meiji restoration period in early 20th century. Huang Zunxian and Liang Qichao, the forerunner for the exchange of Chinese and Japanese culture, proved that it was an essential way to learn new knowledge outside China. The eventual influence of the imported Japanese-made Chinese words was on the attitudes of literary spirit and writing style. On the other hand, Huang and Liang, deeply affected by Japanese culture and literature, staying in Japan for around 4-10 years, published several articles. They can be served as a promoting drive of Japanese culture. This article discusses the role of publicizing Japanese-made Chinese words through observation of Huang and Liang’s background and comparative studies of their pertinent literature and journals.