最後的盛筵:《白下愚園集》中的文人雅集與唱和

The Final Banquets: Literati Gatherings and Poetic Writings in the Anthology of Baixia Yuyuan

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文從白下愚園主人胡恩燮（1824—1892）的生平入手，討論胡恩燮營治愚園期間多次文人雅集唱和的形制、内容和影響。胡恩燮在《清史稿》中被列入《忠義傳》，在太平軍剛占領金陵城期間，曾往返城内外36次商議與官軍内應之事。事敗之後，胡恩燮仍然救戚友以出，并以此官至知府。光绪初，胡恩燮歸家養母，築成愚園，招集文士雅集唱和，蔚爲東南風流。本文通過分析《白下愚園集》中的文人小傳和詩文唱和材料，論述愚園唱和的參與主體多爲中下層文士，其唱和内容多圍繞胡恩燮策應事、孝母和營筑愚園之功勞與象徵意義展開。集中所收唱和詩歌中存在大量意象重複，并交織以六朝、金陵和園林傳統的典故，深受當時宋詩風氣的影響。唱和詩歌對園林主人經世才能的贊揚，是對大平天國之後晚清衰世的映照。

Starting from the investigation of the life experience of the owner of Bai Xia Yu Yuan (Yu Garden in Jin Ling), Hu Enxie (1824-1892), this article focuses on several elegant gatherings of literati happened in his period when Hu built this garden and invited scholars to enjoy meeting and drinking in Yu Yuan. Hu was enrolled in the Zhong Yi Zhuan (the biographies of loyalty people) of Qing Shi Gao (the Manuscript of Qing History). During the preliminary Taiping occupation in the city of Jin Ling, Hu secretly contacted the troops of the court quartered outside the city for internal rebellion for thirty-six times. Finally, when this attempt didn’t succeed, Hu still survived his whole family and that brought him reputation and the position of a magistrate. In the first years of Guang Xu Reign, Hu came back to Jin Ling and built Yu Yuan to entertain his mother. Meanwhile, he invited his scholar friends to meet in the garden and write poems and articles about the garden. This paper argues that many authors were from the lower middle class in the literati world, through analyzing the biographies and literature works in Bai Xia Yu Yuan Ji (The anthology of Yu Garden in Jin Ling). The content of their poems and prose mostly based on the Hu’s plan of internal rebellion at that time, his filial piety to his mother and the symbol of Yu Yuan’s rebuilt. There were lots of repetitions of the poetic images and Allusions of the Six Dynasties, Jin Ling and the tradition of Gardens. It was also mentioned that practical talent of Hu Enxie, which reflected the decline in late Qing period especially after the Taiping Rebellion.