明代的三家《詩》學——兼論清今文《詩》學的興起

The Studies of Three Schools of Shijing in the Ming Dynansty: The Discussion on the Rise of the New Text of Shijing in the Qing Dynansty

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

歷來研究《詩經》之學者，大都認爲西漢三家《詩》的輯佚，自南宋王應麟《詩考》之後，元、明兩朝無人問津，直至清范家相《三家詩拾遺》，才又開始輯佚三家的學術工作。然而，自宋末至清三百多年間，明代雖無三家《詩》輯佚的專著，却有著明顯的“漢學”傾向，如重視漢人《詩》説及漢代經學傳授的系譜；而豐坊僞造與三家《詩》相關的著作，竟能引起相當的重視，足見當時學界對於三家《詩》的輯佚，有一定的需求；除此之外，明人猶輯佚不少緯書，並以《詩》中異文考據疑難，凡此種種，都爲日後的清代輯佚，奠下重要的根基。清人承繼明代學者耕耘成果，兼以辨僞方法的刺激、輯佚風潮的影響，以師承法大量輯佚三家遺説，終使有清一代的三家《詩》輯佚成就輝煌。而清代今文經學的興起因素，亦可由《詩經》的角度重新思考，提供《公羊》學以外的視野。

Most scholars studying Shijing have maintained that, since Wang Yinglin’s Shikao in the Southern Song Dynasty, the collection and compilation of the lost texts of the Three Schools of Shijing Studies in the Western Han Dynansty did not hold public attention until the emergence of Fan Jiaxiang’s Sanjiashi shiyi in the Qing Dynansty. Even though no monogragh had been published for the compilation of the lost texts of the Three Schools for more than three hundred years, however, there was an inclination for Han Learning in the Ming Dynasty, e. g., the emphasis of the discourses on Shi-jing and genealogical records of classics studies of the Han Dynansty. The need for restoring the lost texts of the Three Schools was apparent among contemporary scholars with the fact of great attention resulted from Feng Fang’s pseudographs of the Three Schools. In addition, scholars in the Ming Dynasty collected and compiled numerous apocryphal texts of the Han Dynansty and regarded the result as a tool of textual criticism, which set up a solid foundation for the Qing Dynansty. With the inheritance of efforts from scholars of the Ming Dynasty, the stimulation of methods of distinguishing pseudographs as well as the influence of the trend in the collection and compilation of lost texts, scholars in the Qing Dynasty restored a quantity of the Three Schools with the Shicheng method and had a brilliant achievement. Furthermore, apart from Gongyang, Shijing also offered a new perspective for the investigation of factors related with the rise of the New Text in the Qing Dynansty.