李燾《六朝通鑑博議》的和戰思想

Li Tao’s thought on peace making: reflection on Liuchao tongjian boyi

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

南宋史家李燾對史學發展貢獻良多，得到“宋儒史學第一”的稱譽。他在仕宦生涯中縱然未能擔負軍政重任，但關心時局，一生念念不忘要爲國效力。宋室在靖康之難後只能偏安一隅，戰與和遂成爲國是爭論的所在，這位史學大家如何看待和戰問題實在是饒富意義的課題。然而，李燾的詩文已多所散佚，他又鮮有在其鉅著《續資治通鑑長編》中發表議論，要瞭解其對時局的看法殊非易事。幸好他撰寫的《六朝通鑑博議》仍然存世，該書内容以《資治通鑑》中的六朝史事爲骨幹，李燾在史事後附上評論，以求宋室君臣能夠“監彼之失而求吾之所以得”。由於這些史論是李燾按當日的情勢而發，故此透過深入研究這部史書，我們可以一窺李燾的和戰思想，而這正爲本文撰寫之旨。

Song regime lost the control of northern China after the Jing-kang Incident and was confronted with Jin and Mongols. There had been a huge controversy over the Southern Song’s policy on whether to fight or to negotiate peace. Being one of the greatest historians in Song Dynasty, Li Tao’s view on the situation of the Song is worthwhile to be studied. It is difficult to understand Li’s thought as most of his literatures were lost and he also seldomly revealed his comments in the Xu Zizhi tongjian changpian. Fortunately in his Liuchao tongjian boyi that still exists, Li had accompanied his commentaries on the history of Six Dynasties in the Zizhi tongjian, aiming to persuade the Emperor of Song to learn from the history. Since his commentaries was made based on the actual circumstances of Song, studying the Liuchao tongjian boyi enables us to understand more on Li’s thought. This article provides in-depth study on the Liuchao tongjian boyi, aiming to comprehend Li Tao’s perspective on Song’s situation at that period.