傅燮詷《詩餘類選》全本的發現———兼論其通代選學思維

The Discovery of the Complete Edition of Fu Xietong’s Selected Ci-poems by Category, with a Discussion of Fu’s Theory of Anthologization

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

《詩餘類選》，編者爲清代詞人傅燮詷（1643-1706），該選收録由唐迄明歷代詞作，以類編排，爲通代分類型選本。歷來研究者皆認爲此選殘缺或已亡佚，學界研究首見於民國二十四年（1935）趙尊嶽在《詞學季刊》中提到尚有五卷殘本。筆者今搜檢臺北“國家”圖書館藏書，發現臺北“國家”圖書館藏有十六卷全本。本文以《詩餘類選》十六卷全本出發，考訂其刊印年代爲順治十五年（1658），是傅燮詷早年編纂的詞選。全書共收録詞人197人，詞作529首。本文針對全書的編排方式、延續明代詞選的訛誤、入選詞人詞作進行分析、探討，發現《詩餘類選》雖然“以類編排”，屬於傅燮詷年少編選、便於學詞的選集，但該選本對於明代詞選專選北宋詞人的現象進行調整，大量入選南宋詞人辛棄疾和蔣捷詞作，且試圖將明代詞人王世貞、楊慎、劉基與南北宋詞人並列，拉擡明代詞人的地位。此外，本文亦探討傅燮詷所編選的三部大型詞選：《詩餘類選》《詞覯》《詞覯續編》所呈現的通代選學史觀，發現雖然三部詞選的編排方式有所不同，但傅燮詷將“以類繫詞”的編排方式内化成爲自身“讀詞二十二境”的審美意識。

The ci-poet Fu Xietong (1643-1706) is the compiler of Selected Ci-poems by Category. This book is a comprehensive anthology as it collects ci-poems of the Tang through the Ming Dynasties and arranges them by genre. For a long time, researchers have regarded this anthology as fragmentary or even inextant. Zhao Zunyue (1898-1965) was the first to conduct research on this anthology, and mentioned in his 1935 article, published in Studies of Ci-poetry Quarterly, that five fascicles of the anthology in question were still extant in fragments. The author of the present essay found a complete edition of this anthology comprised of sixteen fascicles preserved in the National Central Library. This essay focuses on this newly found edition, which was compiled in Fu Xietong’s early years and was first published in the fifteenth year of the Shunzhi reign-period (1658). The book anthologizes 517 ci-poems by 197 respective poets. This essay discusses the compilation rubrics of this anthology, its mistakes inherited from Ming-dynasty ci anthologies, and the works by the top ten poets. The anthology made some adjustments to the Ming anthologies’ practice of selecting only the works by Northern Song poets; instead, it includes a large number of poems by Southern Song poets, such as Xin Qiji (1140-1207) and Jiang Jie (ca. 1245-ca. 1305). In so doing, the anthologist tries to elevate some Ming dynasty poets such as Wang Shizhen (1526-1590), Yang Shen (1488-1559), and Liu Ji (1311-1375) to the same status as Southern and Northern Song poets. In addition, this essay discusses the historical views presented in the three anthologies compiled by Fu Xietong, namely, Selected Ci-poems by Category, Ci-poems Encountered, and A Sequel to Ci-poems Encountered. Although the compilation methods differ, Fu turns his category-oriented treatment of poems into an aesthetic called “twenty-two realms of reading ci-poetry.”