技術生命的“道”“用”之思
The Dao and its Function in Biotechnology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.81483Keywords:
生命倫理, 技術人, 道與用Abstract
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
隨著現代科學技術的發展,生命技術已經將人與技術的傳統物化關係和對象化的二元關係變成了一種“技術人”的關係。這種技術人一方面豐富了傳統的“人”的生物學屬性,另一方面也挑戰著人的社會角色和道德的主體屬性。生命的傳統價值內涵及其歷史主體性地位也因之受到弱化、虛化或被改寫。這不僅影響到人的生存方式,而且道德行為的虛幻化也侵蝕了人的責任和義務的道德基石,模糊了人的法律責任和道德自律性。在此基礎上,使人應當承擔的道義責任變成了一種可以進行技術性解讀的智識化命題。這種因技術而改寫的生命形象也挑戰著傳統的應用倫理原則。
中國生命倫理學的建設,不應脫離中國歷史文化的語境和社會現實,並在此基礎上對現代生命技術和技術生命的倫理內涵進行創造性的解讀。它要反映中國文化在新的技術作用下對“人”的內涵進行的一種倫理模式的檢討。這種解讀也應當重視那種從當下的“百姓日用”的角度進行的道用之思。這種道用之思不僅要堅持道用一致、體用相即的原則,更是要植根於中國文化的人生觀、價值觀中,以體現出對現代技術與人的關係的倫理把握。
在某種意義上,人類社會倫理的發展史就是不斷地否定和放棄一些舊道德而接受和適應新道德及其標準的過程。因此,中國生命倫理學的建構也就必須重視生命倫理內涵和標準的發展性。
Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in areas such as engineering, technology, and medicine. This paper discusses the relationship between the Dao (i.e., the essence) of biotechnology and the function of biotechnology. In describing the situation in China today with regard to the exploration and development of biotechnology, this paper explicates the necessity of paying attention to the ethical implications and moral principles of science and technology. It is the author’s contention that we must put “humanity” and “human flourishing” (i.e., the common good of the Dao) first before we talk about the utility of science and technology. As China tries to catch up with the world in biotechnological technology such as stem cell research, xenotransplantation, regenerative medicine, and the use of genetically modified organisms, we need to be careful not to overstep our ethical boundaries.
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