傳統中醫學傳染觀念的道德問題—以一則宋代公案為中心的討論

Ethical Issues of Contagiousness in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Discussion Centered on a Song Dynasty Case

Authors

  • 程國斌 (Guobin CHENG) 中國東南大學 (Southeast University, CHINA)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.202226

Keywords:

中醫學, 宋代, 傳染性觀念, 禮教, Chinese medicine, Song Dynasty, contagiousness, ritual

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

“瘟疫”是否具有傳染性,在中國的傳統文化認知中並不僅關乎純粹的醫學事實,而是與道德人倫、社會禮教和國家王政聯繫在一起的複雜的問題。南宋理學家程迥在《醫經正本書》中,分別從醫學理論和社會危害兩個方面,力證疫疾並無人際傳染性。之後朱熹批判了這個論點,認為更應該告知民眾:雖然疫疾會傳染,但以恩義出發則不應迴避。他們做出如此論證的原因,是在現實的抗疫手段效果有限的情況下,將注意力集中在解決瘟疫所帶來的社會倫理問題這個點上。但他們對瘟疫傳染性的觀點上,都採取了根據論證的需要而因應詮釋的立場,由於理學觀念上的差異,程迥的重點是如何克服外部因素的不利影響,朱熹則更關注如何從內部推動個人道德品質的精進。

In traditional Chinese culture, whether a “plague” is considered contagious is not only a matter of medical fact but a complex issue related to morality, social ethics, and national royal power. Cheng Jiong, a neo-Confucianist scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, argued in Reserved Copy of Medical Classics that, based on both medical theory and the principle of social harms, an epidemic disease should not be considered contagious. Zhu Xi later criticized this argument; he suggested that the public should be informed that an epidemic disease is contagious but should also be advised not to avoid it for the sake of kindness. This paper speculates on the possible reasoning behind their positions: When anti-epidemic measures had limited practical effect, they focused on addressing the ethical issues brought about by the plague rather than solving the problem of the plague itself. They then chose to construct their arguments as a response to the question of whether the plague was contagious. With their divergent interpretations of neo-Confucianist concepts, Cheng Jiong focused on how to overcome the effects of external adversities, whereas Zhu Xi focused more on how an individual might promote moral character from within.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Downloads

Published

2022-09-15

How to Cite

CHENG, G. (2022). 傳統中醫學傳染觀念的道德問題—以一則宋代公案為中心的討論: Ethical Issues of Contagiousness in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Discussion Centered on a Song Dynasty Case. International Journal of Chinese &Amp; Comparative Philosophy of Medicine, 20(1), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.202226

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)