類器官智能的倫理邊界與儒家回應

Ethical Boundaries of Organoid Intelligence and the Confucian Response

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

類器官智能作為生物技術與人工智能交叉發展的新興研究方向，兼具生物性、技術性與倫理不確定性，其發展使生命與非生命、生物智能與人工智能、人類與非人類之間的界限趨於模糊，並引發意識風險、道德地位、責任歸屬、技術濫用及公平分配等倫理問題。從儒家倫理視角看，類器官智能還觸及“仁”的推擴邊界、“禮”的規範秩序以及“萬物一體” “天人合一”的宇宙觀，極需在“義利之辨”中平衡技術創新與德性目標。為此，本文在哲學維度提出連續生命譜系模型、廣義生態智能觀及多主體協同生態哲學框架，並融合儒家“仁愛差等”、“推己及物”的思想資源，構建三級道德地位評估體系，完善多層主體協同治理模式，以確保這一前沿技術能够在儒家“生生之德”與倫理框架內負責任地發展，持續為人類社會創造福祉。

Organoid intelligence (OI), an emerging research field at the intersection of biotechnology and artificial intelligence, combines biological characteristics, technological mediation, and ethical uncertainty. Its development increasingly blurs the boundaries between life and non-life, biological intelligence and artificial intelligence, and humans and non-humans, while raising ethical issues concerning consciousness-related risks, moral status, responsibility attribution, technological misuse, and distributive justice. From the perspective of Confucian ethics, OI also raises questions about the scope of extending ren (benevolence), the normative order of li (ritual propriety), and the cosmological ideas of ‘the unity of all things’ and ‘the unity of Heaven and humanity’. In response, this article takes a philosophical perspective to propose a model of life as a continuous spectrum, a broad ecological conception of intelligence, and a multi-actor collaborative framework for ecological philosophy. Further drawing on the Confucian ideas of graded benevolence and extending moral concern from oneself to other beings, it develops a three-tier system for assessing moral status and refines a multi-level collaborative governance model. The aim is to provide an appropriate ethical framework for ensuring that this frontier technology develops responsibly within the Confucian ideal of the ‘virtue of shengsheng’ (generative vitality) while continuing to contribute to human well-being.